Mechanisms
AMPA Receptors & the Glutamate Surge
Block the dampers, and the excitatory circuits sing — at least for a few hours.
Medically reviewed by: Pending medical review(draft)Last updated: June 4, 2026Evidence: Maeng & Zarate 2007; Autry 2011
The cascade
- Ketamine blocks NMDA receptors on inhibitory interneurons.
- Excitatory neurons release a burst of glutamate.
- Glutamate activates AMPA receptors on neighboring neurons.
- AMPA activation triggers BDNF release and mTOR signaling.
- New synaptic proteins are synthesized within hours.
Clinical implication
The "antidepressant window" may correspond to the period when these new synaptic proteins are active. Why some people maintain effects for weeks while others fade in days is an open question — likely involving stress, sleep, and stimulation patterns during that window.
Educational use only. The content on this page is provided for general educational purposes and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Ketamine and related therapies carry risks and are appropriate only under qualified medical supervision. Always consult a licensed healthcare professional about your individual situation. Information may change as research evolves.